1. Tlhokahalo ea ho boloka metsi
Mefuta eohle ea metheo e hlokang seretse bakeng sa kaho e na le tekanyo e itseng ea ho monya metsi.Ka mor'a hore lera la motheo le monye metsi ka har'a seretse, ho hahoa ha seretse ho tla senyeha, 'me maemong a matla, thepa ea cementitious ka seretseng e ke ke ea e-ba metsi ka ho feletseng, e leng se etsang hore ho be le matla a fokolang, haholo-holo matla a sebopeho pakeng tsa seretse se thata. le lera la motheo , ho etsa hore seretse se phunye le ho oa.Haeba seretse sa plastering se na le ts'ebetso e loketseng ea ho boloka metsi, e ke ke ea ntlafatsa feela ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse ka katleho, empa hape e etsa hore metsi a seretse a be thata ho kenngoa ke lera la motheo le ho netefatsa hore metsi a lekaneng a samente.
2. Mathata a mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho boloka metsi
Tharollo ea setso ke ho nosetsa setsi, empa ho ke ke ha khoneha ho etsa bonnete ba hore setsi se kolobisitsoe ka ho lekana.Sepheo se setle sa hydration sa seretse sa samente motheong ke hore sehlahisoa sa samente sa hydration se monya metsi hammoho le setsi, se kenella ka har'a setsi, 'me se theha "khokahanyo ea bohlokoa" e sebetsang le motheo, e le ho finyella matla a hlokahalang a tlamo.Ho nosetsa ka ho toba holim'a setsi ho tla baka ho hasana ho tebileng ha metsi a monya setsi ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso, nako ea ho nosetsa, le ho nosetsang ho tšoana.Setsi se na le metsi a fokolang 'me se tla tsoelapele ho monya metsi ka har'a seretse.Pele hydration ea samente e tsoela pele, metsi a kenngoa, a amang hydration ea samente le ho kenella ha lihlahisoa tsa hydration ka har'a matrix;setsi se na le metsi a mangata, 'me metsi a seretse a phallela botlaaseng.Lebelo la ho falla ha mahareng lea lieha, esita le lera le nang le metsi a mangata le thehoa pakeng tsa seretse le matrix, e leng se amang matla a tlamahano.Ka hona, ho sebelisa mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho nosetsa ho ke ke ha hloleha feela ho rarolla bothata ba ho kenngoa ha metsi a mangata a marako a lerako, empa ho tla ama matla a ho kopanya pakeng tsa seretse le setsi, ho fella ka ho phunyeha le ho phunyeha.
3. Litlhoko tsa seretse se fapaneng bakeng sa ho boloka metsi
Lipehelo tsa sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa seretse tse sebelisoang sebakeng se itseng le libakeng tse nang le maemo a tšoanang a mocheso le mongobo li hlahisitsoe ka tlase.
①Seretse se pota-potiloeng ke metsi a phahameng a monya
Li-substrates tse nang le metsi a phahameng a emeloang ke konkreite e kentsoeng moeeng, ho kenyeletsoa liboto tse fapaneng tsa karohano tse bobebe, li-blocks, joalo-joalo, li na le litšobotsi tsa ho monya metsi a maholo le nako e telele.Seretse sa ho lila se sebelisetsoang mofuta ona oa motheo se lokela ho ba le tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi e seng ka tlase ho 88%.
②Seretse se pota-potiloeng ke metsi a tlase
Li-substrates tsa ho monya metsi tse tlase tse emeloang ke konkreite e kentsoeng sebakeng, ho kenyeletsoa le mapolanka a polystyrene bakeng sa ho koala lebota la kantle, joalo-joalo, li na le ho monya ha metsi hanyane.Seretse sa ho lila se sebelisetsoang li-substrate tse joalo se lokela ho ba le tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi e seng ka tlase ho 88%.
③Seretse sa moalo o mosesaane o salang
Ho polastera ka lera le tšesaane ho bolela moaho oa ho lila ka botenya ba pakeng tsa 3 le 8 mm.Mofuta ona oa kaho ea plastering ho bonolo ho lahleheloa ke mongobo ka lebaka la lera tšesaane plastering, e amang ho sebetsa le matla.Bakeng sa seretse se sebelisetsoang mofuta ona oa ho pola, sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi ha se ka tlase ho 99%.
④Seretse se teteaneng sa plastering
Polasetara e teteaneng e bolela moaho oa polasetere moo botenya ba lesela le le leng le leng pakeng tsa 8mm le 20mm.Mofuta ona oa ho haha ha ho bonolo ho lahleheloa ke metsi ka lebaka la lera le teteaneng la plastering, kahoo tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi ea seretse sa plastering ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 88%.
⑤ putty e thibelang metsi
Li-putty tse sa keneleng metsi li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa plastering tse tšesaane haholo, 'me botenya bo akaretsang ba kaho bo pakeng tsa 1 le 2mm.Lisebelisoa tse joalo li hloka thepa e phahameng haholo ea ho boloka metsi ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle le matla a tlamahano.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa putty, sekhahla sa eona sa ho boloka metsi ha sea lokela ho ba tlase ho 99%, mme sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi sa putty bakeng sa marako a kantle se lokela ho ba kholo ho feta sa putty bakeng sa marako a kahare.
4. Mefuta ea lisebelisoa tse bolokang metsi
Cellulose ether
1) Methyl cellulose ether (MC)
2) Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC)
4) Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC)
5) Hydroxyethyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HEMC)
Ether ea starch
1) Ether ea starch e fetotsoeng
2) Hloekisa ether
Setenya se fetotsoeng sa ho boloka metsi ka liminerale (montmorillonite, bentonite, joalo-joalo)
Bohlano, tse latelang li shebane le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng
1. Cellulose ether
1.1 Kakaretso ea Cellulose Ether
Cellulose ether ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa letoto la lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ke karabelo ea alkali cellulose le etherification agent tlasa maemo a itseng.Li-ether tse fapaneng tsa cellulose li fumanoa hobane fiber ea alkali e nkeloa sebaka ke li-etherification tse fapaneng.Ho ea ka thepa ea ionization ea likarolo tsa eona, cellulose ethers e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: ionic, joalo ka carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), le nonionic, joalo ka methyl cellulose (MC).
Ho ea ka mefuta ea li-substitute, li-cellulose ethers li ka aroloa ka li-monoethers, tse kang methyl cellulose ether (MC), le li-ether tse tsoakiloeng, tse kang hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose ether (HECMC).Ho ea ka li-solvents tse fapaneng tseo e li qhaqhang, e ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli: e qhibilihang ka metsing le ea organic solvent-soluble.
1.2 Mefuta e ka sehloohong ea cellulose
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 0.4-1.4;etherification agent, monooxyacetic acid;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 0.7-1.0;etherification agent, monooxyacetic acid, ethylene oxide;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Methylcellulose (MC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 1.5-2.4;etherification agent, methyl chloride;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 1.3-3.0;etherification agent, ethylene oxide;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 1.5-2.0;etherification agent, ethylene oxide, methyl chloride;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 2.5-3.5;etherification agent, propylene oxide;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 1.5-2.0;etherification agent, propylene oxide, methyl chloride;ho qhibiliha solvent, metsi;
Ethyl cellulose (EC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 2.3-2.6;etherification agent, monochloroethane;ho qhibiliha solvent, organic solvent;
Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), tekanyo e sebetsang ea ho fetola: 2.4-2.8;etherification agent, monochloroethane, ethylene oxide;ho qhibiliha solvent, organic solvent;
1.3 Thepa ea cellulose
1.3.1 Methyl cellulose ether (MC)
①Methylcellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, 'me ho tla ba thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang.Tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo sebakeng sa PH = 3-12.E na le tumellano e ntle le starch, guar gum, joalo-joalo le li-surfactants tse ngata.Ha mocheso o fihla mocheso oa gelation, gelation e etsahala.
②Ho boloka metsi a methylcellulose ho itšetlehile ka palo ea eona ea tlatsetso, viscosity, botle ba likaroloana le sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha.Ka kakaretso, haeba chelete ea tlatsetso e le kholo, botle bo nyane, 'me viscosity e kholo, ho boloka metsi ho phahame.Har'a bona, palo ea ho eketsa e na le tšusumetso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho boloka metsi, 'me viscosity e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ha e lekane ka ho toba le boemo ba ho boloka metsi.Sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha haholo-holo se itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea phetoho ea bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa cellulose le botle ba likaroloana.Har'a li-cellulose ethers, methyl cellulose e na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho boloka metsi.
③Phetoho ea mocheso e tla ama haholo sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi sa methyl cellulose.Ka kakaretso, ha thempereichara e phahame, ho mpefala ha metsi ho boloka metsi.Haeba mocheso oa seretse o feta 40 ° C, ho boloka metsi a methyl cellulose ho tla fokola haholo, e leng ho tla ama ka ho teba ho hahoa ha seretse.
④ Methyl cellulose e na le phello e kholo mohahong le ho khomarela seretse."Ho khomarela" mona ho bolela matla a sekhomaretsi a utloahalang pakeng tsa sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi le karoloana ea lebota, ke hore, ho hanyetsa ha seretse.Ho khomarela ho phahame, khanyetso ea ho kuta ea seretse e kholo, 'me basebetsi ba hloka matla a eketsehileng nakong ea tšebeliso,' me ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse e fetoha e mpe.Methyl cellulose adhesion e boemong bo itekanetseng lihlahisoa tsa cellulose ether.
1.3.2 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ke sehlahisoa sa fiber seo tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea sona li ntseng li eketseha ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena.
Ke selulose e seng ea ionic e tsoakiloeng e entsoeng ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng ka mor'a alkalization, e sebelisa propylene oxide le methyl chloride e le li-etherification agents, le ka letoto la liketso.Tekanyo ea ho nka sebaka ka kakaretso ke 1.5-2.0.Thepa ea eona e fapane ka lebaka la likarohano tse fapaneng tsa litaba tsa methoxyl le litaba tsa hydroxypropyl.Likahare tse phahameng tsa methoxyl le litaba tse tlase tsa hydroxypropyl, ts'ebetso e haufi le methyl cellulose;litaba tse tlase tsa methoxyl le litaba tse phahameng tsa hydroxypropyl, ts'ebetso e haufi le hydroxypropyl cellulose.
①Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e qhibiliha habonolo metsing a batang, 'me ho tla ba thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang.Empa mocheso oa eona oa gelation metsing a chesang o phahame haholo ho feta oa methyl cellulose.Ho qhibiliha ha metsi a batang ho boetse ho ntlafala haholo ha ho bapisoa le methyl cellulose.
② The viscosity ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e amana le boima ba eona ba molek'hule, 'me boima ba limolek'hule bo phahame, ho ba le viscosity e phahameng.Mocheso o boetse o ama viscosity ea eona, ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, viscosity e fokotseha.Empa viscosity ea eona ha e amehe haholo ke mocheso ho feta methyl cellulose.Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse ha e bolokiloe mocheso oa kamore.
③ Palo ea metsi ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e ipapisitse le palo ea eona ea tlatsetso, viscosity, joalo-joalo, mme sekhahla sa eona sa ho boloka metsi ka tlase ho palo e tšoanang ea tlatsetso e phahame ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
④Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho acid le alkali, mme tharollo ea eona e nang le metsi e tsitsitse haholo ho tloha PH = 2-12.Caustic soda le metsi a lime ha li na phello e fokolang mosebetsing oa eona, empa alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona 'me ea eketsa viscosity ea eona hanyenyane.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho matsoai a tloaelehileng, empa ha motsoako oa motsoako oa letsoai o phahame, viscosity ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose tharollo e atisa ho eketseha.
⑤Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e ka kopanngoa le li-polymers tse qhibilihang ka metsing ho etsa tharollo e tšoanang le e hlakileng e nang le viscosity e phahameng.Joalo ka joala ba polyvinyl, starch ether, boka ba meroho, joalo-joalo.
⑥ Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e na le khanyetso e ntle ea enzyme ho feta methylcellulose, 'me tharollo ea eona ha e na monyetla oa ho senngoa ke li-enzyme ho feta methylcellulose.
⑦ Ho khomarela ha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mohahong oa seretse ho phahame ho feta methylcellulose.
1.3.3 Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC)
E entsoe ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e tšoaroang ka alkali, 'me e itšoara ka ethylene oxide e le etherification agent ka pel'a acetone.Tekanyo ea ho nka sebaka ka kakaretso ke 1.5-2.0.E na le hydrophilicity e matla 'me e bonolo ho monya mongobo.
①Hydroxyethyl cellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, empa ho thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang.Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse mocheso o phahameng ntle le gelling.E ka sebelisoa nako e telele tlas'a mocheso o phahameng ka har'a seretse, empa ho boloka metsi a eona ho tlaase ho feta methyl cellulose.
②Hydroxyethyl cellulose e tsitsitse ho acid e akaretsang le alkali.Alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona 'me ea eketsa hanyenyane viscosity ea eona.Ho qhalana ha eona metsing ho mpe ho feta ea methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
③ Hydroxyethyl cellulose e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea anti-sag bakeng sa seretse, empa e na le nako e telele ea ho chechisa samente.
④Ts'ebetso ea hydroxyethyl cellulose e hlahisoang ke likhoebo tse ling tsa lapeng ho hlakile hore e tlase ho feta ea methyl cellulose ka lebaka la metsi a eona a mangata le molora o mongata.
1.3.4 Carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC) e entsoe ka likhoele tsa tlhaho (cotton, hemp, joalo-joalo) ka mor'a phekolo ea alkali, ho sebelisa sodium monochloroacetate e le etherification agent, 'me ho etsoa letoto la mekhoa ea phekolo ho etsa ionic cellulose ether.Tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka ka kakaretso ke 0.4-1.4, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e angoa haholo ke tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka.
①Carboxymethyl cellulose e na le hygroscopic haholo, 'me e tla ba le metsi a mangata ha a bolokiloe tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng.
② Hydroxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution e ke ke ea hlahisa gel, 'me viscosity e tla fokotseha ka ho eketseha ha mocheso.Ha mocheso o feta 50 ℃, viscosity ha e fetohe.
③ Ho tsitsa ha eona ho angoa haholo ke pH.Ka kakaretso, e ka sebelisoa seretseng se thehiloeng ho gypsum, empa eseng ka seretseng sa samente.Ha e le alkaline e ngata, e lahleheloa ke viscosity.
④ Palo ea eona ea metsi e tlase haholo ho feta ea methyl cellulose.E na le phello e sitisang seretse se thehiloeng ho gypsum mme e fokotsa matla a eona.Leha ho le joalo, theko ea carboxymethyl cellulose e tlase haholo ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
2. Ether ea starch e fetotsoeng
Li-ether tsa starch tse sebelisoang ka kakaretso liretseng li fetotsoe ho tsoa ho li-polymer tsa tlhaho tsa li-polysaccharides tse ling.Joalo ka litapole, poone, cassava, linaoa tsa guar, joalo-joalo li fetotsoe ho li-ether tse fapaneng tse fetotsoeng.Li-starch ethers tse sebelisoang hangata seretseng ke hydroxypropyl starch ether, hydroxymethyl starch ether, joalo-joalo.
Ka kakaretso, li-starch ethers tse fetotsoeng ho tloha litapole, poone le cassava li na le ho boloka metsi ho fokolang haholo ho feta li-cellulose ethers.Ka lebaka la boemo ba eona bo fapaneng ba phetoho, e bontša botsitso bo fapaneng ho acid le alkali.Lihlahisoa tse ling li loketse ho sebelisoa liretseng tse entsoeng ka gypsum, ha tse ling li ke ke tsa sebelisoa liretseng tse entsoeng ka samente.Ho sebelisoa ha starch ether ka har'a seretse e sebelisoa haholo-holo e le motenya ho ntlafatsa thepa e thibelang ho senyeha ha seretse, ho fokotsa ho khomarela seretse se metsi, le ho lelefatsa nako ea ho bula.
Hangata li-starch ethers li sebelisoa hammoho le cellulose, e leng se bakang thepa e tlatsetsang le melemo ea lihlahisoa tse peli.Kaha lihlahisoa tsa starch ether li theko e tlaase haholo ho feta cellulose ether, ho sebelisoa ha starch ether ka seretse ho tla tlisa phokotso e kholo ea litšenyehelo tsa ho etsoa ha seretse.
3. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether ke mofuta oa etherified polysaccharide e nang le thepa e khethehileng, e fetotsoeng ho tloha linaoa tsa tlhaho tsa guar.Haholo-holo ka karabelo ea etherification lipakeng tsa guar gum le lihlopha tse sebetsang tsa acrylic, ho thehoa sebopeho se nang le lihlopha tse sebetsang tsa 2-hydroxypropyl, e leng sebopeho sa polygalactomannose.
① Ha ho bapisoa le cellulose ether, guar gum ether e bonolo ho qhibiliha ka metsing.PH ha e le hantle ha e na phello ts'ebetsong ea guar gum ether.
② Tlas'a maemo a viscosity e tlase le tekanyo e tlase, guar gum e ka nka sebaka sa cellulose ether ka tekanyo e lekanang, 'me e na le ho boloka metsi ho tšoanang.Empa ho hlaka ho ntlafala, anti-sag, thixotropy joalo-joalo.
③ Tlas'a maemo a viscosity e phahameng le litekanyetso tse kholo, guar gum e ke ke ea nka sebaka sa cellulose ether, 'me tšebeliso e tsoakiloeng ea tse peli e tla hlahisa ts'ebetso e ntle.
④Ho sebelisoa ha guar gum ka seretse se entsoeng ka gypsum ho ka fokotsa haholo ho khomarela nakong ea kaho le ho etsa hore mohaho o be bonolo.Ha e na phello e mpe nakong ea ho beha nako le matla a seretse sa gypsum.
⑤ Ha guar gum e sebelisoa ho masonry e entsoeng ka samente le seretse sa plastering, e ka nka sebaka sa cellulose ether ka tekanyo e lekanang, 'me ea fana ka seretse ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho sagging, thixotropy le boreleli ba kaho.
⑥Ka seretseng se nang le viscosity e phahameng le lintho tse ngata tse bolokang metsi, guar gum le cellulose ether li tla sebetsa 'moho ho fihlela litholoana tse ntle.
⑦ Guar gum e ka boela ea sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse kang likhomaretsi tsa lithaele, lisebelisoa tsa ho itšebetsa fatše, putty e thibelang metsi le seretse sa polymer bakeng sa ho koala lebota.
4. Fetisisa e fetotsoeng ea liminerale tse bolokang metsi
Setsi se bolokang metsi se entsoeng ka liminerale tsa tlhaho ka ho fetola le ho kopanya se sebelisitsoe Chaena.Liminerale tse ka sehloohong tse sebelisetsoang ho lokisa li-thickeners tse bolokang metsi ke: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, joalo-joalo Liminerale tsena li na le thepa e itseng ea ho boloka metsi le ho teteaneng ka ho fetola joalo ka li-coupling agents.Mofuta ona oa botenya o bolokang metsi o sebelisoang seretseng o na le litšobotsi tse latelang.
① E ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea seretse se tloaelehileng, le ho rarolla mathata a ho se sebetse hantle ha seretse sa samente, matla a tlase a seretse se tsoakiloeng, le ho se sebetse hantle ha metsi.
② Lihlahisoa tsa seretse tse nang le maemo a fapaneng a matla bakeng sa meaho e akaretsang ea indasteri le ea sechaba li ka etsoa.
③ Theko ea thepa e tlase.
④ Palo ea metsi e tlase ho feta ea lisebelisoa tsa ho boloka metsi a manyolo, 'me boleng bo omileng ba shrinkage ea seretse se lokisitsoeng bo batla bo le boholo,' me momahano oa fokotseha.
Nako ea poso: Mar-03-2023