Cellulose ke polysaccharide e rarahaneng e entsoeng ka li-unit tse ngata tsa tsoekere tse hokahantsoeng ke β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea marako a lisele tsa semela mme e fana ka marako a lisele tsa semela tšehetso e matla ea sebopeho le ho tiea. Ka lebaka la ketane e telele ea limolek'hule tsa cellulose le crystallinity e phahameng, e na le botsitso bo matla le ho insolubleness.
(1) Thepa ea selulose le bothata ba ho qhibiliha
Cellulose e na le lintho tse latelang tse etsang hore ho be thata ho qhibiliha:
Bophahamo bo phahameng: Liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose li etsa sebopeho se thata sa lattice ka libonto tsa haedrojene le matla a van der Waals.
Boemo bo phahameng ba polymerization: Tekanyo ea polymerization (ke hore bolelele ba ketane ea molek'hule) ea selulose e phahame, hangata e tloha ho makholo ho isa ho likete tsa likarolo tsa tsoekere, e leng se eketsang botsitso ba molek'hule.
Hydrogen bond network: Litlamo tsa haedrojene li teng ka bongata lipakeng le ka har'a liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho senngoa le ho qhibilihisoa ke li-solvents tse akaretsang.
(2) Li-reagents tse qhalang cellulose
Hajoale, li-reagents tse tsebahalang tse ka qhalang cellulose ka nepo li kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e latelang:
1. Li-Ionic Liquids
Mekelikeli ea Ionic ke lino tse entsoeng ka li-organic cations le li-anion tsa organic kapa inorganic, hangata tse nang le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a tlase, botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso le phetoho e phahameng. Mekelikeli e meng ea ionic e ka qhala selulose, 'me mokhoa o ka sehloohong ke ho khaola maqhama a hydrogen pakeng tsa liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose. Mekelikeli e tloaelehileng ea ionic e qhibilihisang cellulose e kenyelletsa:
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl): Mokelikeli ona oa ionic o qhaqha cellulose ka ho sebelisana le li-hydrogen bond ka selulose ka li-receptors tsa hydrogen bond.
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]): Mokelikeli ona oa ionic o ka qhala likarolo tse phahameng tsa selulose tlas'a maemo a batlang a fokola.
2. Amine oxidant tharollo
Tharollo ea amine e nang le oxidant e kang motsoako o tsoakiloeng oa diethylamine (DEA) le chloride ea koporo e bitsoa [Cu(II) -ammonium solution], e leng mokhoa o matla oa ho qhibiliha o ka qhalang selulose. E senya sebopeho sa kristale ea selulose ka oxidation le hydrogen bonding, e etsa hore ketane ea cellulose e be bonolo le ho qhibiliha haholoanyane.
3. Lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide (LiCl-DMAC) tsamaiso
Sistimi ea LiCl-DMAc (lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide) ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea khale ea ho qhala selulose. LiCl e ka theha tlholisano bakeng sa litlamo tsa haedrojene, ka hona e senya marang-rang a hydrogen bond pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose, athe DMAc joalo ka solvent e ka sebelisana hantle le ketane ea limolek'hule tsa cellulose.
4. Tharollo ea Hydrochloric acid / zinki chloride
Tharollo ea hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride ke sesebelisoa se sibolotsoeng sa pele se ka qhalang selulose. E ka qhala selulose ka ho theha phello ea khokahanyo lipakeng tsa zinki chloride le liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose, le hydrochloric acid e senyang maqhama a haedrojene lipakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose. Leha ho le joalo, tharollo ena e senya haholo lisebelisoa 'me e lekanyelitsoe lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang.
5. Li-enzyme tsa Fibrinolytic
Li-enzyme tsa fibrinolytic (tse kang li-cellulase) li qhala selulose ka ho thusa ho bola ha selulose hore e be li-oligosaccharides tse nyenyane le monosaccharides. Mokhoa ona o na le mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng ea mekhoa ea ho fetola likokoana-hloko le phetoho ea biomass, le hoja ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho qhibiliha e sa qhibilihe ka ho feletseng lik'hemik'hale, empa e finyelloa ka biocatalysis.
(3) Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha cellulose
Li-reagents tse fapaneng li na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho qhaqha selulose, empa ka kakaretso li ka amahanngoa le mekhoa e 'meli e meholo:
Tšenyo ea li-hydrogen bond: Ho senya likamano tsa haedrojene lipakeng tsa liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose ka tlholisano ea bond ea haedrojene kapa tšebelisano ea ionic, e etsa hore e qhibilihe.
Khatholoho ea ketane ea limolek'hule: Ho eketsa bonolo ba liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose le ho fokotsa kristale ea liketane tsa molek'hule ka mekhoa ea 'mele kapa ea lik'hemik'hale, e le hore li ka qhibiliha ka lihlapolli.
(4) Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa ho qhibiliha ha cellulose
Ho qhibiliha ha cellulose ho na le ts'ebeliso ea bohlokoa likarolong tse ngata:
Tokisetso ea li-derivatives tsa cellulose: Ka mor'a ho qhibiliha selulose, e ka fetoloa ka ho eketsehileng ka lik'hemik'hale ho lokisa cellulose ethers, cellulose esters le tse ling tse tsoang ho tsona, tse sebelisoang haholo lijong, meriana, liphahlo le masimo a mang.
Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho cellulose: Ho ka sebelisoa selulose e qhibilihisitsoeng, cellulose nanofibers, membrane ea cellulose le lisebelisoa tse ling li ka lokisoa. Lisebelisoa tsena li na le thepa e ntle ea mochini le biocompatibility.
Matla a Biomass: Ka ho qhibiliha le ho senya selulose, e ka fetoloa tsoekere e fermentable bakeng sa tlhahiso ea biofuel e kang bioethanol, e thusang ho finyella nts'etsopele le tšebeliso ea matla a tsosolositsoeng.
Ho qhibiliha ha cellulose ke mokhoa o rarahaneng o kenyelletsang mekhoa e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale le ea 'mele. Li-ionic liquids, amino oxidant solutions, LiCl-DMAc systems, hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride solutions le cellolytic enzymes hajoale li tsejoa e le lisebelisoa tse sebetsang bakeng sa ho qhala selulose. Moemeli e mong le e mong o na le mokhoa oa hae o ikhethang oa ho qhala le sebaka sa ts'ebeliso. Ka boithuto bo tebileng ba mokhoa oa ho qhala ha selulose, ho lumeloa hore ho tla ntlafatsoa mekhoa e metle le e baballang tikoloho, e fanang ka menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea cellulose.
Nako ea poso: Jul-09-2024