Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ke polymer e sebetsang ka mefuta-futa e nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata tse fapaneng liindastering tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsa le meriana, lijo, kaho le litlolo. Lisebelisoa tse tala tse sebelisoang ho kopanya HPMC ke cellulose le propylene oxide.
1. Cellulose: motheo oa HPMC
1.1 Kakaretso ea cellulose
Cellulose ke lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng tseo e leng karolo ea mantlha ea marako a lisele tse tala tsa semela. E na le liketane tse melang tsa limolek'hule tsa tsoekere tse hokahantsoeng ka libond tsa β-1,4-glycosidic. Bongata ba lihlopha tsa hydroxyl ka selulose bo etsa hore e be sesebelisoa se loketseng sa ho qala bakeng sa motsoako oa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa cellulose, ho kenyeletsoa HPMC.
1.2 Theko ea Cellulose
Cellulose e ka nkiloe linthong tse fapaneng tsa semela, joalo ka makhasi a lehong, lithara tsa k'hothone, kapa limela tse ling tse nang le fiber. Wood pulp ke mohloli o tloaelehileng ka lebaka la bongata ba eona, ho baballa litšenyehelo, le ho tšoarella. Ho ntšoa ha selulose hangata ho kenyelletsa ho pshatla likhoele tsa semela ka letoto la lits'ebetso tsa mochini le tsa lik'hemik'hale.
1.3 Bohloeki le litšobotsi
Boleng le bohloeki ba selulose li bohlokoa ho khetholla litšobotsi tsa sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa HPMC. Selulose e phahameng e netefatsa hore HPMC e hlahisoa ka thepa e tsitsitseng e kang viscosity, solubility le botsitso ba mocheso.
2. Propylene oxide: kenyelletso ea sehlopha sa hydroxypropyl
2.1 Kenyelletso ea propylene oxide
Propylene oxide (PO) ke motsoako oa organic o nang le foromo ea lik'hemik'hale C3H6O. Ke epoxide, ho bolelang hore e na le athomo ea oksijene e kopantsoeng le liathomo tse peli tse haufi tsa carbon. Propylene oxide ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa bakeng sa motsoako oa hydroxypropyl cellulose, e leng bohareng ba tlhahiso ea HPMC.
2.2 Ts'ebetso ea Hydroxypropylation
Ts'ebetso ea hydroxypropylation e kenyelletsa karabelo ea cellulose ka propylene oxide ho hlahisa lihlopha tsa hydroxypropyl mokokotlong oa cellulose. Hangata karabelo ena e etsoa ka ho ba teng ha "catalyst" ea mantlha. Lihlopha tsa Hydroxypropyl li fana ka ho qhibiliha ho ntlafalitsoeng le lisebelisoa tse ling tse lakatsehang ho selulose, e lebisang ho thehoeng ha hydroxypropyl cellulose.
3. Methylation: Ho eketsa lihlopha tsa methyl
3.1 Mokhoa oa methylation
Kamora hydroxypropylation, mohato o latelang ho HPMC synthesis ke methylation. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa ho kenyelletsa lihlopha tsa methyl mokokotlong oa cellulose. Methyl chloride ke reagent e sebelisoang hangata bakeng sa karabelo ena. Tekanyo ea methylation e ama thepa ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa HPMC, ho kenyelletsa le viscosity ea eona le boitšoaro ba gel.
3.2 Degree ea ho nka sebaka
The degree of substitution (DS) ke paramethara ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lekanya palo-hare ea li-substitute (methyl le hydroxypropyl) ka yuniti ea anhydroglucose ka ketane ea cellulose. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e laoloa ka hloko ho fihlela ts'ebetso e lakatsehang ea lihlahisoa tsa HPMC.
4. Tlhoekiso le Taolo ea Boleng
4.1 Ho tlosoa ha lihlahisoa
Tšimoloho ea HPMC e ka etsa hore ho thehoe lihlahisoa tse kang matsoai kapa li-reagents tse sa sebetsanoeng. Mehato ea tlhoekiso e kenyeletsang ho hlatsoa le ho hloekisa e sebelisoa ho tlosa litšila tsena le ho eketsa bohloeki ba sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.
4.2 Mehato ea taolo ea boleng
Mehato e tiileng ea taolo ea boleng e sebelisoa ho pholletsa le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ho netefatsa botsitso le boleng ba HPMC. Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba e kang spectroscopy, chromatography le rheology e sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba litekanyetso tse kang boima ba limolek'hule, tekanyo ea ho fetola le viscosity.
5. Litšobotsi tsa Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
5.1 Thepa ea 'mele
HPMC ke phofo e tšoeu ho isa ho bosoeu, e sa nkhang hamonate e nang le thepa e ntle ea ho etsa lifilimi. E na le hygroscopic mme e etsa gel e hlakileng habonolo ha e qhalakantsoe ka metsing. The solubility ea HPMC e itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea ho fetola 'me e angoa ke lintlha tse kang mocheso le pH.
5.2 Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale
Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa HPMC se na le mokokotlo oa cellulose o nang le hydroxypropyl le methyl substituent. Karo-karolelano ea likaroloana tsena, e bonts'itsoeng ka tekanyo ea ho nkela sebaka, e khetholla sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale ka kakaretso 'me kahoo thepa ea HPMC.
5.3 Viscosity le thepa ea rheological
HPMC e fumaneha ka limaraka tse fapaneng ka mefuta e fapaneng ea viscosity. The viscosity ea tharollo ea HPMC ke ntlha ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse kang tsa meriana, moo e amang boemo ba ho lokolloa ha lithethefatsi, le kahong, moo e amang ho sebetsa ha liretse le li-pastes.
5.4 Lintho tsa ho etsa lifilimi le ho tiisa
HPMC e sebelisoa haholo e le filimi ea pele ea litlolo tsa meriana le e le setsi se teteaneng ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lihlahisoa. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa lifilimi bo etsa hore e be ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa ho roala lithethefatsi tse laoloang, ha thepa ea eona e teteaneng e matlafatsa sebopeho le botsitso ba lihlahisoa tse ngata.
6. Kopo ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
6.1 Indasteri ea meriana
Indastering ea meriana, HPMC e sebelisoa ho etsa liforomo tsa litekanyetso tse tiileng tsa molomo joalo ka matlapa le li-capsules. Hangata e sebelisoa e le sekontiri, sekoahelo le sekoaelo sa filimi. Thepa ea tokollo e laoloang ea HPMC e thusa ts'ebeliso ea eona mekhoeng ea tokollo e tsitsitseng.
6.2 Indasteri ea kaho
Lefapheng la kaho, HPMC e sebelisoa e le ntho e bolokang metsi, e tenya le sekhomaretsi lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho samente. E matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea seretse, e thibela ho theoha lits'ebetsong tse otlolohileng, 'me e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kakaretso ea thepa ea moaho.
6.3 Indasteri ea lijo
HPMC e sebelisoa indastering ea lijo e le setenya, se tsitsitseng le se emulsifier. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho etsa li-gel maemong a tlase bo etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-sauces, liaparo le li-dessert.
6.4 Litlolo le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho
Ka litlolo le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea motho, HPMC e fumanoa mefuteng e mengata ea litlolo tse kenyelletsang litlolo, litlolo le li-shampoo. E thusa ho ntlafatsa sebopeho, botsitso le ts'ebetso e akaretsang ea lihlahisoa tsena.
6.5 Liindasteri tse ling
HPMC's versatility atolose ho liindasteri tse ling, ho akarelletsa le masela, lipente le sekgomaretsi, moo e ka sebelisoa e le rheology modifier, e boloka metsi le thickener.
7. Qetello
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose ke polymer e sebetsang ka mefuta e mengata e nang le lits'ebetso tse ngata. Sebopeho sa eona se sebelisa cellulose le propylene oxide e le lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tse tala, 'me selulose e fetoloa ka mekhoa ea hydroxypropylation le methylation. Taolo e laoloang ea lisebelisoa tsena tse tala le maemo a karabelo e ka hlahisa HPMC e nang le thepa e ikhethileng ho fihlela litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa indasteri. Ka hona, HPMC e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa ho pholletsa le indasteri. Patlisiso e tsoelang pele ea likopo tse ncha le ntlafatso ea lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso li thusa HPMC ho tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa 'marakeng oa lefatše.
Nako ea poso: Dec-28-2023