Seretse sa phofo se ommeng ke seretse se omeletseng se kopaneng kapa phofo e omileng e entsoeng ka seretse. Ke mofuta oa samente le gypsum e le thepa e ka sehloohong ea motheo. Ho ea ka litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebetso ea moaho, li-aggregate tsa moaho oa phofo o omileng le li-additives li eketsoa ka karolo e itseng. Ke thepa ea kaho ea seretse e ka tsoakoang ka ho lekana, ea isoa sebakeng sa kaho ka mekotla kapa ka bongata, 'me e ka sebelisoa ka ho toba ka mor'a ho eketsa metsi.
Lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa seretse sa phofo e ommeng li kenyelletsa sekhomaretsi sa lithaele tse omeletseng, sekontiri se ommeng sa lebota, seretse se ommeng sa lebota, konkreite ea phofo e omileng, jj.
Seretse sa phofo se ommeng hangata se na le bonyane likarolo tse tharo: li-binder, aggregate, le li-additives tsa seretse.
Sebopeho sa thepa e tala ea seretse sa phofo e omileng:
1. Seretse se tlamahaneng lintho tse bonahalang
(1) Sekhomaretsi sa Inorganic:
Likhomaretsi tsa inorganic li kenyelletsa samente e tloaelehileng ea Portland, samente e phahameng ea alumina, samente e khethehileng, gypsum, anhydrite, joalo-joalo.
(2) Likhomaretsi tsa lintho tse phelang:
Sekhomaretsi sa lintho tse phelang se bua haholo ka phofo ea latex e ka qhaloang hape, e leng phofo e entsoeng ka phofo e entsoeng ka ho omisa ka nepo (le khetho ea li-additives tse loketseng) ea emulsion ea polymer. Phofo e omileng ea polima le metsi e fetoha emulsion. E ka felloa ke metsi hape, e le hore likaroloana tsa polymer li thehe sebopeho sa 'mele oa polymer ka seretse sa samente, se tšoanang le mokhoa oa emulsion oa polymer,' me se phetha karolo ea ho fetola seretse sa samente.
Ho ea ka litekanyo tse fapaneng, phetoho ea seretse sa phofo e omileng e nang le phofo ea polymer e ka ntlafatsang matla a tlamahano le li-substrates tse fapaneng, 'me ea ntlafatsa ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho senyeha, matla a ho kobeha le ho hanyetsa seretse, ho tiea, momahano le letsoalo hammoho le ho boloka metsi. bokgoni le kaho.
Seretse sa latex se qhaqhoang bakeng sa seretse se omileng se kenyelletsa mefuta e latelang: ① styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Kakaretso:
Aggregate e arotsoe ka kakaretso e mahoashe le kakaretso e ntle. E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa konkreite. Haholo-holo e sebetsa e le skeleton mme e fokotsa phetoho ea molumo e bakoang ke ho fokotseha le ho ruruha ha thepa ea samente nakong ea ho beha le ho thatafatsa, hape e sebelisoa e le ho tlatsa theko e tlaase bakeng sa thepa ea samente. Ho na le li-aggregates tsa tlhaho le li-aggregates tsa maiketsetso, tsa pele tse kang lehlohlojane, majoana, pumice, lehlabathe la tlhaho, joalo-joalo; tsa morao-rao tse kang cinder, slag, ceramsite, perlite e atolositsoeng, joalo-joalo.
3. Li-additives tsa seretse
(1) Cellulose ether:
Ka seretse se omeletseng, palo ea ho eketsoa ha selulose ether e tlase haholo (ka kakaretso 0,02% -0.7%), empa e ka ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea seretse se metsi, 'me ke tlatsetso e kholo e amang ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse.
Ka seretse se omeletseng sa phofo, hobane cellulose ea ionic ha e tsitsa ka pel'a li-ion tsa khalsiamo, ha e sebelisoe hangata lihlahisoa tse omeletseng tsa phofo tse sebelisang samente, kalaka ea slaked, joalo-joalo e le lisebelisoa tsa samente. Hydroxyethyl cellulose e boetse e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa phofo e omileng, empa karolo e nyenyane haholo.
Li-cellulose ethers tse sebelisoang ka seretse se omileng sa phofo ke haholo-holo hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) le hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), e bitsoang MC.
Litšobotsi tsa MC: Ho khomarela le ho haha ke lintlha tse peli tse susumetsang tse ling; ho boloka metsi, ho qoba ho fetoha mouoane ka potlako ha metsi, e le hore botenya ba lera la seretse bo fokotsehe haholo.
(2) fiber e thibelang ho phatloha
Ha se boqapi ba batho ba sejoale-joale ho kopanya likhoele ho seretse e le lisebelisoa tse matlafatsang tse thibelang ho phatloha. Mehleng ea boholo-holo, baholo-holo ba rona ba sebelisitse likhoele tsa tlhaho e le lisebelisoa tse matlafatsang bakeng sa li-binders tse ling, tse kang ho kopanya likhoele tsa semela le seretse sa lime ho haha Litempele le liholo, ho sebelisa silika ea hemp le seretse ho bōpa liemahale tsa Buddha, ho sebelisa lehlaka la koro le manonyeletso a khutšoanyane le seretse se mosehla. ho aha matlo, ho sebelisa moriri oa batho le oa liphoofolo ho lokisa litšepe, ho sebelisa likhoele tsa pulp, kalaka le gypsum ho penta mabota le ho etsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa gypsum; etc. ema. Ho kenyelletsa likhoele ka har'a thepa ea motheo ea samente ho etsa likhopo tse matlafalitsoeng tsa samente ke taba ea mashome a lilemo a morao tjena.
Lihlahisoa tsa samente, likarolo kapa mehaho e tla hlahisa li-microcracks tse ngata ka lebaka la phetoho ea microstructure le molumo nakong ea ts'ebetso e thata ea samente, 'me e tla atoloha ka liphetoho tsa ho omisa shrinkage, liphetoho tsa mocheso, le meroalo e ka ntle. Ha li tlas'a matla a kantle, likhoele li bapala karolo ea ho fokotsa le ho sitisa ho atoloha ha mapetsong a manyane. Likhoele li na le criss-cross-cross le isotropic, li ja le ho imolla khatello ea kelello, li thibela tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea mapetsong, 'me li bapala karolo ea ho thibela mapetsong.
Ho eketsoa ha likhoele ho ka etsa hore seretse se omeletseng se na le boleng bo phahameng, ts'ebetso e phahameng, matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa mapheo, ho se khonehe, ho phatloha ho matla, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, ho hanyetsa ho qhibiliha, ho hanyetsa ho apara, ho hanyetsa botsofali le mesebetsi e meng.
(3) Setsi se fokotsang metsi
Motsoako oa metsi ke motsoako oa konkreite o ka fokotsang bongata ba metsi a kopanyang ha o ntse o boloka ho putlama ha konkreite ho sa fetohe. Boholo ba bona ke li-surfactants tsa anionic, tse kang lignosulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, joalo-joalo Ka mor'a ho kenngoa motsoako oa konkreite, e ka qhala likaroloana tsa samente, ea ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona, e fokotsa tšebeliso ea metsi ea unit, e ntlafatsa metsi a motsoako oa konkreite; kapa fokotsa tšebeliso ea samente le ho boloka samente.
Ho ea ka matla a ho fokotsa le ho matlafatsa metsi a ho fokotsa metsi, e arotsoe ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho fokotsa metsi (hape o tsejoa e le plasticizer, tekanyo ea ho fokotsa metsi ha e ka tlase ho 8%, e emeloang ke lignosulfonate), e sebetsang hantle haholo ho fokotsa metsi. (hape e tsejoa e le superplasticizer) Plasticizer, sekhahla sa ho fokotsa metsi ha se ka tlase ho 14%, ho kenyelletsa naphthalene, melamine, sulfamate, aliphatic, joalo-joalo. le setsi sa ho fokotsa metsi se sebetsang hantle (sekhahla sa ho fokotsa metsi ha se ka tlase ho 25%, polycarboxylic acid E emeloa ke superplasticizer), 'me e arotsoe ka mofuta oa matla a pele, mofuta o tloaelehileng le mofuta o fokolang.
Ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, hangata e arotsoe ka: lignosulfonate-based superplasticizers, superplasticizers tse thehiloeng ho naphthalene, li-superplasticizers tse thehiloeng ho melamine, li-superplasticizer tse thehiloeng ho sulfamate, le li-superplasticizers tse nang le mafura a mafura. Lisebelisoa tsa metsi, li-superplasticizers tse thehiloeng ho polycarboxylate.
Tšebeliso ea seretse se fokotsang metsi ka seretse sa phofo se omeletseng se na le lintlha tse latelang: ho itšeha samente, ho ikemela ka gypsum, seretse sa ho pola, seretse se sa keneleng metsi, putty, joalo-joalo.
Khetho ea moemeli ea fokotsang metsi e lokela ho khethoa ho latela lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse tala le thepa e fapaneng ea seretse.
(4) Ether ea starch
Starch ether e sebelisoa haholo-holo ka seretse sa kaho, se ka amang ho tsitsa ha seretse se thehiloeng ho gypsum, samente le kalaka, le ho fetola kaho le ho hanyetsa sag ea seretse. Hangata li-ether tsa starch li sebelisoa hammoho le li-cellulose ethers tse sa fetoloang le tse fetotsoeng. E loketse mekhoa ea bobeli e sa nke lehlakore le ea alkaline, 'me e lumellana le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa gypsum le lihlahisoa tsa samente (tse kang li-surfactants, MC, starch le polyvinyl acetate le li-polymer tse ling tse qhibilihisang metsi).
Litšobotsi tsa starch ether haholo-holo li itšetlehile ka: ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa sag; ho ntlafatsa kaho; ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tsa seretse, haholo-holo tse sebelisetsoang: seretse se entsoeng ka letsoho kapa se fafalitsoeng ka mochine se thehiloeng ho samente le gypsum, caulk le sekhomaretsi; sekhomaretsi sa lithaele; masonry Haha seretse.
Tlhokomeliso: Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea starch ether ka seretse ke 0.01-0.1%.
(5) Lisebelisoa tse ling:
Moemeli oa ho kenya moea o hlahisa palo e kholo ea li-micro-bubble tse ajoang ka mokhoa o ts'oanang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya seretse, e fokotsang tsitsipano ea holim'a seretse se kopanyang metsi, ka hona se lebisang ho phatlalatseng hantle le ho fokotsa ho tsoa mali le ho arohana ha seretse-konkreite. motsoako. Li-additives, haholo-holo mafura a sodium sulfonate le sodium sulfate, tekanyo ke 0.005-0.02%.
Li-retarders li sebelisoa haholo ho lirekere tsa gypsum le li-joint fillers tse thehiloeng ho gypsum. Haholo-holo ke matsoai a acid ea litholoana, hangata a kenngoa ka bongata ba 0.05% -0.25%.
Lintho tse thibelang metsi ho thibela metsi ho kena ka har'a seretse, ha seretse se ntse se bulehile hore mouoane oa metsi o hasane. Hydrophobic polymer redispersible powders li sebelisoa haholo-holo.
Defoamer, ho thusa ho lokolla li-bubble tsa moea tse kentsoeng le tse hlahisoang nakong ea ho kopanya seretse le ho haha, ho ntlafatsa matla a ho hatella, ho ntlafatsa boemo ba holim'a metsi, tekanyo ea 0.02-0.5%.
Nako ea poso: Feb-09-2023