Cellulose ether
Cellulose ether ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa letoto la lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke karabelo ea alkali cellulose le etherifying agent tlasa maemo a itseng.Alkali cellulose e nkeloa sebaka ke lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa etherifying ho fumana li-ether tse fapaneng tsa cellulose.Ho latela thepa ea ionization ea li-substituent, cellulose ethers e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: ionic (joalo ka carboxymethyl cellulose) le non-ionic (joalo ka methyl cellulose).Ho latela mofuta oa substituent, cellulose ether e ka aroloa ka monoether (joalo ka methyl cellulose) le ether e tsoakiloeng (joalo ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).Ho ea ka solubility e fapaneng, e ka aroloa ka metsi a qhibilihang (joalo ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) le organic solvent-soluble (joalo ka ethyl cellulose), joalo-joalo. e arotsoe ka mofuta oa hang-hang le mofuta o tšoaroang ka holim'a nako e liehang ho qhibiliha.
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso ea cellulose ether ka seretse ke ka tsela e latelang:
(1) Ka mor'a hore cellulose ether ka seretseng e qhibilihe ka metsing, kabo e sebetsang le e ts'oanang ea lisebelisoa tsa samente tsamaisong e tiisitsoe ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa holim'a metsi, 'me cellulose ether, e le colloid e sireletsang, "e phuthela" e tiileng. likaroloana le A lera la lubricating filimi thehoa holim'a eona ka ntle, e leng se etsang hore tsamaiso ea seretse e be e tsitsitseng haholoanyane, hape e ntlafatsa ho phalla ha seretse nakong ea ho kopanya le ho boreleli ha kaho.
(2) Ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona sa limolek'hule, tharollo ea cellulose ether e etsa hore metsi a seretse a se ke a lahleheloa ke bonolo, 'me butle-butle a e lokolla ka nako e telele, e leng se etsang hore seretse se boloke metsi hantle le ho sebetsa hantle.
1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Ka mor'a hore k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e phekoloe ka alkali, cellulose ether e hlahisoa ka letoto la liketso ka methane chloride e le etherification agent.Ka kakaretso, tekanyo ea ho fetola ke 1.6 ~ 2.0, 'me solubility e boetse e fapane le likhato tse fapaneng tsa ho fetola.Ke ea non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, 'me ho tla ba thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang.Tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo maemong a pH = 3 ~ 12.E na le tumellano e ntle le starch, guar gum, joalo-joalo le li-surfactants tse ngata.Ha mocheso o fihla mocheso oa gelation, gelation e etsahala.
(2) Ho boloka metsi a methyl cellulose ho ipapisitse le palo ea eona ea tlatsetso, viscosity, botle ba likaroloana le sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha.Ka kakaretso, haeba palo ea tlatsetso e le kholo, botle bo nyane, 'me viscosity e kholo, sekhahla sa ho boloka metsi se phahame.Har'a bona, palo ea ho eketsoa e na le tšusumetso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi, 'me boemo ba viscosity ha bo lekane ka ho toba le tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi.Sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha haholo-holo se itšetlehile ka tekanyo ea phetoho ea bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa cellulose le botle ba likaroloana.Har'a li-ether tsa cellulose tse ka holimo, methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose li na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho boloka metsi.
(3) Liphetoho tsa mocheso li tla ama ka botebo tekanyo ea ho boloka metsi ea methyl cellulose.Ka kakaretso, ha thempereichara e phahame, ho mpefala ha metsi ho boloka metsi.Haeba mocheso oa seretse o feta 40 ° C, ho boloka metsi a methyl cellulose ho tla fokotseha haholo, ho ama ka ho teba ho hahoa ha seretse.
(4) Methyl cellulose e na le phello e kholo mohahong le ho khomarela seretse."Ho khomarela" mona ho bolela matla a sekhomaretsi a utloahalang pakeng tsa sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi le karoloana ea lebota, ke hore, ho hanyetsa ha seretse.Sekhomaretsi se phahame, khanyetso ea ho kuta ea seretse e kholo, 'me matla a hlokoang ke basebetsi ha a ntse a sebelisoa le ona a maholo,' me ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse e futsanehile.Methyl cellulose adhesion e boemong bo itekanetseng lihlahisoa tsa cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ke mofuta oa cellulose oo tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea tsona li ntseng li eketseha ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena.Ke cellulose e seng ea ionic e tsoakiloeng e entsoeng ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng ka mor'a alkalization, e sebelisa propylene oxide le methyl chloride e le etherification agent, ka letoto la liketso.Tekanyo ea ho nka sebaka ka kakaretso ke 1.2 ~ 2.0.Thepa ea eona e fapane ka lebaka la likarohano tse fapaneng tsa litaba tsa methoxyl le litaba tsa hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e qhibiliha habonolo metsing a batang, 'me e tla kopana le mathata a ho qhibiliha metsing a chesang.Empa mocheso oa eona oa gelation metsing a chesang o phahame haholo ho feta oa methyl cellulose.Ho qhibiliha ha metsi a batang ho boetse ho ntlafala haholo ha ho bapisoa le methyl cellulose.
(2) Viscosity ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e amana le boima ba eona ba molek'hule, 'me ha boima ba molek'hule bo le boholo, ho ba le viscosity e phahameng.Mocheso o boetse o ama viscosity ea eona, ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, viscosity e fokotseha.Leha ho le joalo, viscosity ea eona e phahameng e na le phello e tlase ea mocheso ho feta methyl cellulose.Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse ha e bolokiloe mocheso oa kamore.
(3) Ho bolokoa ha metsi a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ho itšetlehile ka palo ea eona ea tlatsetso, viscosity, joalo-joalo, 'me sekhahla sa eona sa ho boloka metsi tlas'a chelete e tšoanang ea tlatsetso e phahame ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho acid le alkali, 'me tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo ka har'a pH = 2 ~ 12.Caustic soda le metsi a lime ha li na phello e fokolang ts'ebetsong ea eona, empa alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona le ho eketsa viscosity ea eona.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho matsoai a tloaelehileng, empa ha motsoako oa motsoako oa letsoai o phahame, viscosity ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose tharollo e atisa ho eketseha.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e ka kopanngoa le metsoako ea polymer e qhibilihang ka metsing ho etsa tharollo e tšoanang le e phahameng ea viscosity.Joalo ka joala ba polyvinyl, starch ether, boka ba meroho, joalo-joalo.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e na le khanyetso e ntle ea enzyme ho feta methylcellulose, 'me tharollo ea eona ha e na monyetla oa ho senyeha ka li-enzyme ho feta methylcellulose.
(7) Ho khomarela ha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose mohahong oa seretse ho phahame ho feta methylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
E entsoe ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e tšoaroang ka alkali, 'me e itšoara ka ethylene oxide e le etherification agent ka pel'a acetone.Tekanyo ea ho nka sebaka ka kakaretso ke 1.5 ~ 2.0.E na le hydrophilicity e matla 'me e bonolo ho monya mongobo
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e qhibiliha ka metsing a batang, empa ho thata ho qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang.Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse mocheso o phahameng ntle le gelling.E ka sebelisoa nako e telele tlas'a mocheso o phahameng ka har'a seretse, empa ho boloka metsi a eona ho tlaase ho feta methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e tsitsitse ho acid e akaretsang le alkali.Alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona 'me ea eketsa viscosity hanyenyane.Ho qhalana ha eona metsing ho mpe ho feta ea methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea anti-sag bakeng sa seretse, empa e na le nako e telele ea ho chechisa samente.
(4) Ts'ebetso ea hydroxyethyl cellulose e hlahisoang ke likhoebo tse ling tsa malapeng ho hlakile hore e tlase ho feta ea methyl cellulose ka lebaka la metsi a mangata le molora o mongata.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether e entsoe ka likhoele tsa tlhaho (cotton, joalo-joalo) kamora kalafo ea alkali, ho sebelisoa sodium monochloroacetate joalo ka etherification agent, le ho etsa letoto la liphekolo tsa karabelo.Tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka ka kakaretso ke 0.4 ~ 1.4, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e angoa haholo ke tekanyo ea ho kenya sebaka.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose e na le hygroscopic, 'me e tla ba le metsi a mangata ha a bolokiloe tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution e ke ke ea hlahisa gel, 'me viscosity e tla fokotseha ka ho eketseha ha mocheso.Ha mocheso o feta 50 ° C, viscosity ha e fetohe.
(3) Ho tsitsa ha eona ho angoa haholo ke pH.Ka kakaretso, e ka sebelisoa seretseng se thehiloeng ho gypsum, empa eseng ka seretseng sa samente.Ha e le alkaline e ngata, e lahleheloa ke viscosity.
(4) Palo ea eona ea metsi e tlase haholo ho feta ea methyl cellulose.E na le phello e sitisang seretse se thehiloeng ho gypsum mme e fokotsa matla a eona.Leha ho le joalo, theko ea carboxymethyl cellulose e tlase haholo ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
Redispersible polymer rabara phofo
Redispersible phofo ea rabara e sebetsoa ka ho omisoa ka spray ea emulsion e khethehileng ea polymer.Nakong ea ts'ebetso, colloid e sireletsang, anti-caking agent, joalo-joalo e fetoha li-additives tsa bohlokoa.Phofo ea rabara e omisitsoeng ke likaroloana tse chitja tsa 80 ~ 100mm tse bokaneng hammoho.Likaroloana tsena li qhibiliha ka metsing 'me li etsa phallo e tsitsitseng e kholoanyane ho feta likaroloana tsa pele tsa emulsion.Phahamiso ena e tla theha filimi ka mor'a ho felloa ke metsi le ho omisa.Filimi ena ha e fetohe joalo ka sebopeho sa filimi e akaretsang ea emulsion, 'me e ke ke ea qhalana hape ha e kopana le metsi.Liphatlalatso.
Redispersible phofo ea rabara e ka aroloa ka: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, joalo-joalo, 'me ho itšetlehile ka sena, silicone, vinyl laurate, joalo-joalo li hlomathiseletsoa ho ntlafatsa tshebetso.Mehato e fapaneng ea phetoho e etsa hore phofo ea rabara e qhaqhoeng e be le thepa e fapaneng e kang ho hanyetsa metsi, ho hanyetsa alkali, ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo.E na le vinyl laurate le silicone, tse ka etsang hore phofo ea rabara e be le hydrophobicity e ntle.Highly branched vinyl tertiary carbonate e nang le boleng bo tlase ba Tg le ho fetoha habonolo ha maemo.
Ha mefuta ena ea li-powders tsa rabara e sebelisoa ho seretse, kaofela ha tsona li na le phello ea ho lieha ho beha nako ea samente, empa phello ea ho lieha e nyenyane ho feta ea tšebeliso e tobileng ea li-emulsion tse tšoanang.Ha ho bapisoa, styrene-butadiene e na le phello e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea ho fokotsa, 'me ethylene-vinyl acetate e na le phello e nyenyane ka ho fetisisa ea ho fokotsa.Haeba litekanyetso li le nyane haholo, phello ea ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea seretse ha e hlake.
Likhoele tsa polypropylene
Fiber ea polypropylene e entsoe ka polypropylene e le lisebelisoa tse tala le palo e nepahetseng ea modifier.Bophahamo ba fiber hangata bo ka ba li-microns tse 40, matla a tensile ke 300 ~ 400mpa, modulus elastic ke ≥3500mpa, 'me bolelele ba ho qetela ke 15~18%.Litšobotsi tsa eona tsa ts'ebetso:
(1) Likhoele tsa polypropylene li ajoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka litsela tse tharo tse sa reroang ka seretse, ho etsa mokhoa oa ho matlafatsa marang-rang.Haeba 1 kg ea fiber ea polypropylene e kenngoa ho tonne e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea seretse, ho ka fumanoa likhoele tse fetang limilione tse 30 tsa monofilament.
(2) Ho eketsa fiber ea polypropylene ho seretse ho ka fokotsa ka katleho mapetsong a seretse sebakeng sa polasetiki.Hore na mapetsong ana a bonahala kapa che.'Me e ka fokotsa haholo mali a tsoang holim'a metsi le ho rarolla seretse se secha.
(3) Bakeng sa 'mele o thatafalitsoeng oa seretse, fiber ea polypropylene e ka fokotsa haholo palo ea mapetsong a deformation.Ke hore, ha 'mele o thatafatsang seretse o hlahisa khatello ea maikutlo ka lebaka la deformation, e ka hanyetsa le ho fetisa khatello ea kelello.Ha 'mele o thatafalang o petsoha, o ka fokotsa khatello ea kelello ntlheng ea lepetso 'me oa thibela ho ata ha crack.
(4) Ho hasana ka katleho ha likhoele tsa polypropylene tlhahisong ea seretse ho tla fetoha bothata bo boima.Lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanya, mofuta oa fiber le litekanyetso, karo-karolelano ea seretse le mekhahlelo ea ts'ebetso ea eona kaofela e tla ba lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang ho hasana.
moea o kenyang moea
Air-entraining agent ke mofuta oa surfactant e ka etsang lipululana tsa moea tse tsitsitseng ka konkreite e ncha kapa seretse ka mekhoa ea 'mele.Haholo-holo e kenyelletsa: rosin le li-polymers tsa eona tsa mocheso, li-surfactants tse seng tsa ionic, alkylbenzene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, carboxylic acid le letsoai la tsona, joalo-joalo.
Hangata li-air-entraining agents li sebelisoa ho lokisa lirafshoa tsa ho lila le lirafshoa tsa masonry.Ka lebaka la ho eketsoa ha moemeli oa ho kenya moea, liphetoho tse ling ts'ebetsong ea seretse li tla tlisoa.
(1) Ka lebaka la ho kenngoa ha lipululana tsa moea, bonolo le kaho ea seretse se sa tsoa tsoakoa se ka eketseha, ’me mali a tsoang mali a ka fokotseha.
(2) Ho sebelisa feela sekontiri se kenang moeeng ho tla fokotsa matla le elasticity ea hlobo ka seretseng.Haeba moemeli oa moea le ho fokotsa metsi a sebelisoa hammoho, 'me karolelano e loketse, matla a matla a ke ke a fokotseha.
(3) E ka ntlafatsa haholo ho hanyetsa serame sa seretse se thata, ho ntlafatsa ho se khonehe ha seretse, le ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea khoholeho ea seretse se thata.
(4) Setsi sa moea se kenang moeeng se tla eketsa moea oa seretse, se tla eketsa ho fokotseha ha seretse, 'me boleng ba ho fokotseha bo ka fokotsoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka ho eketsa moemeli oa ho fokotsa metsi.
Kaha palo ea lisebelisoa tse kenang moeeng tse kenyelletsoeng ke tse nyenyane haholo, ka kakaretso li ikarabella feela bakeng sa likete tse 'maloa tsa likete tse leshome tsa palo eohle ea thepa ea samente, e tlameha ho netefatsoa hore e khethiloe ka nepo le ho kopanngoa nakong ea tlhahiso ea seretse;lintlha tse kang mekhoa e susumetsang le nako e susumetsang li tla ama ka botebo tekanyo ea ho kenya moea.Ka hona, tlas'a maemo a hona joale a tlhahiso ea malapeng le kaho, ho eketsa mahlahana a ho kenya moea ho seretse ho hloka mosebetsi o mongata oa liteko.
moemeli oa matla a pele
E sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa matla a pele a konkreite le seretse, lisebelisoa tsa matla tsa pele tsa sulfate li sebelisoa hangata, haholo-holo ho kenyelletsa sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, aluminium sulfate le potassium aluminium sulfate.
Ka kakaretso, anhydrous sodium sulfate e sebelisoa haholo, 'me tekanyo ea eona e tlaase' me phello ea matla a pele e ntle, empa haeba tekanyo e le khōlō haholo, e tla baka katoloso le ho phunyeha ha morao, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, ho khutla ha alkali. e tla etsahala, e tla ama ponahalo le phello ea lera la mokhabiso oa holim'a metsi.
Calcium formate le eona ke ntho e ntle ea antifreeze.E na le phello e ntle ea matla a pele, litlamorao tse fokolang, tšebelisano e ntle le li-admixtures tse ling, 'me thepa e mengata e betere ho feta mahlahana a matla a pele a sulfate, empa theko e phahame.
antifreeze
Haeba seretse se sebelisoa mocheso o fosahetseng, haeba ho se na mehato ea ho thibela serame e nkiloeng, ho tla senyeha ha serame 'me matla a' mele o thata a tla senyeha.Antifreeze e thibela ho senyeha ha leqhoa ho tsoa litseleng tse peli tsa ho thibela leqhoa le ho ntlafatsa matla a pele a seretse.
Har'a li-antifreeze agents tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo, calcium nitrite le sodium nitrite li na le liphello tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa antifreeze.Kaha nitrite ea k'halsiamo ha e na potasiamo le li-ion tsa sodium, e ka fokotsa ho hlaha ha alkali aggregate ha e sebelisoa ka konkreite, empa ho sebetsa ha eona ho fokola hanyenyane ha e sebelisoa ka seretse, ha sodium nitrite e sebetsa hantle.Antifreeze e sebelisoa hammoho le sesebelisoa sa matla sa pele le se fokotsang metsi ho fumana liphetho tse khotsofatsang.Ha seretse se omeletseng se nang le antifreeze se sebelisoa mocheso o tlase o tlase haholo, mocheso oa motsoako o lokela ho eketseha ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, joalo ka ho kopanya le metsi a futhumetseng.
Haeba palo ea antifreeze e phahame haholo, e tla fokotsa matla a seretse hamorao, 'me holim'a seretse se thata ho tla ba le mathata a kang ho khutla ha alkali, e tla ama ponahalo le phello ea lera la mokhabiso oa holim'a metsi. .
Nako ea poso: Jan-16-2023